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James Turrell
James Turrell (born May 6, 1943) is an American artist primarily concerned with light and space. Turrell was a MacArthur Fellow in 1984. Turrell is best known for his work in progress, ''Roden Crater'', a natural cinder cone crater located outside Flagstaff, Arizona that he is turning into a massive naked-eye observatory.
== Background ==
James Turrell was born in Pasadena, California.〔Birthplace sometimes given as Los Angeles (for instance, see Adcock, Craig, ''James Turrell: The Art of Light and Space'', Berkeley/Los Angeles/Oxford : University of California Press, 1990, p. 2). Pasadena is given in a biographical note to the introductory leaflet for the 1993 exhibition at the Hayward Gallery, South Bank, London, UK.〕 His father, Archibald Milton Turrell,〔Adcock, Craig, ''James Turrell: The Art of Light and Space'', Berkeley/Los Angeles/Oxford : University of California Press, 1990, p. 2.〕 was an aeronautical engineer and educator. His mother, Margaret Hodges Turrell,〔 trained as a medical doctor and later worked in the Peace Corps. His parents were Quakers.
Turrell obtained a pilot's license when he was 16 years old. He subsequently flew supplies to remote mine sites and worked as an aerial cartographer. He received a BA degree from Pomona College in perceptual psychology in 1965 (including the study of the Ganzfeld effect) and also studied mathematics, geology and astronomy there. Turrell enrolled in the graduate Studio Art program at the University of California, Irvine in 1966, where he began making work using light projections.〔Belcove, Julie L. ("Incredible Lightness" ), ''Harpers Bazaar'', April 19, 2013.〕 His studies at UC Irvine were interrupted in 1966, when he was arrested for coaching young men to avoid the Vietnam draft. He spent about a year in jail.〔Wil S. Hylton (June 13, 2013), (How James Turrell Knocked the Art World Off Its Feet ) ''New York Times''.〕 He later (1973) received an MA degree in art from Claremont Graduate University.〔Biographical note to the introductory leaflet for the 1993 exhibition at the Hayward Gallery, South Bank, London, UK〕 In 2004, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by Haverford College.
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